The Polar Regions are experiencing unprecedented changes over recent decades as a result of global warming. Sea ice is declining, permafrost is thawing, and glaciers are retreating and disappearing. These changes are having profound impacts in terrestrial, marine and atmospheric environments with implications to the global climatic system. This course will review the past, present and future of the Polar Regions. Particularly, we will cover the history, geography, atmospheric and ocean circulations, terrestrial permafrost environments, ice sheets and the future state of the Arctic and Antarctic regions as projected by global climate models. In addition, we will study the role of Polar Regions in the earth’s system and the associated global climatic feedbacks.